Water, art, open reflections on the future
We are publishing a text by Franco Piunti on the theme of water proposed on the occasion of the first meeting of the project “EU STARTS4Water”, held at Cittadellarte. The doctor and former president of the Textile and Health Association talked about the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, analysing the relationship between work, environment and digitalisation, to then focus on the role of art and the so-called ethics of responsibility.

Premise 1
PNRR: Work-Environment-Digitalisation
Since its birth, Europe has greatly contributed to building moral references by requesting that the open calls present a clear definition of the objectives (ethics of intention), a consistency with the Kantian morality on individual and collective rights, and the tools for the verification of the actions implemented (utilitarian ethics).
Up to the 1990s, these moral references referred to an anthropocentric vision.
Meanwhile, scientific knowledge has increasingly highlighted the dangers of climate change and the reduction in biodiversity; the discoveries of biological evolutionary processes and the study of genetic heritage and of the nervous system have revealed a biological continuity and interaction between different species (just think of the current pandemic); all this requires a reflection on anthropocentrism and on the way our story has been told or on how we foresee the future.
The ethics of responsibility stems from the awareness of the limits of the reality in which we live, held together by delicate balances supported by interconnected physical, chemical and biological laws, whose alteration can determine the death of life itself and of its consciousness, which is the man.

Today we talk about post-humanism and population ethics in reference to the relationship of the human species with the environment. Hence the need for our actions to be designed and implemented taking into account our rights, those of the environment and those of future generations. This new and dramatic scenario can be an opportunity to reconstruct a new ethics that does not erase the previous moral references as they have developed in Europe, but incorporates them as in a Russian doll. Using the scientific method, the ethics of responsibility should contain a continuous assessment of the actions of the human species on the environment, and consider the environment and future generations as subjects “other” than our generation and therefore bearers of rights, to arrive to the ethics of intentions, understood as a constant effort to conduct coherent daily actions based on the awareness that a better quality of personal life depends on an inclusive community, respectful of the environment, in a democratic context.
It is the smallest doll that is full, the one that produces energy to support other ethics.
This energy arises from the need to give positive/useful meaning to the life of every man by asking politics for a vision of the future in which to position it in an active way.

Art is the tool allowing to emotionally synthesise the various layers of the Russian doll starting from the awareness (wonder) that we are privileged temporary observers of the reality that surrounds us with the moral obligation to transfer this condition to future generations.
The objectives of the European Next Gen programme with its social and environmental sustainability and digitalisation make these values concrete. Europe has the cultural, moral, legislative and technical tools to protect the most important common goods such as the health of humans, animals and the environment based on the ethics of responsibility.
In particular, the ethics of responsibility is used, by law, in the evaluation design of human interventions that can cause risks to humans and the environment: the environmental impact (EIA) and the impact on health (HIA).
Utilitarian ethics is used by both the Prevention Departments and ARPA in the elaboration of community outcome indicators, such as life expectancy, years of life gained or lost by the human community, animal welfare and the quality of water, air, soil and biodiversities.
These indicators are necessary both to identify the priorities when programming and to verify the effectiveness of the actions implemented.
The production of these data and their processing require the use of a transparent and credible artificial intelligence that uses a scientific method in a democratic environment.

Among the ethical issues to be addressed with AI in the healthcare world, the most important are the reliability, transparency and independence of AI, and how to combine individual rights and the interest of the public community.
Among the problems of AI, the main ones are the quality of the data entered into the system, the difficulty of understanding how it processes them and their use for purposes of private interest.
The Prevention Departments and ARPA are public bodies that produce data on common goods, theoretically accurate, without prejudice, and uniform throughout the national territory. In the near future, through machine learning and deep learning, knowledge of the various interconnections between man, biodiversity and the biosphere will improve, while respecting the rights of people and institutions, animals and the environment.
The A.I. used by the Prevention Departments and the Environmental Agency can be a reliable and transparent tool to safeguard the interests of the community.
The management of artificial intelligence will increasingly need an ultimate goal given by the human species, and continuous checks both in the programming phase, through the ethics of responsibility, and for the identification of all the moral and technical interconnections of the data entered; it will need utilitarian ethics in evaluating and controlling the effects on the health of the biosphere; it will have to deal with individual rights and respect the emotional dimension of taking care of the other, being it man, animal, biosphere, and above all its infinite research in giving meaning to death and life.

Premise 2
The ethics of responsibility therefore compares for the first time three absolute values that are difficult to reconcile with each other. In a democratic environment, the way to get there is that of using a scientific method applied to transparent artificial intelligence.
The two necessary elements to start the process are:
1) letting nature speak by equipping it with biosensors capable of making its rights/duties visible, using artificial intelligence also to build forecasting models in relation to the next generations;
2) reducing the consumption of material goods and increase those of value by developing new professional skills and creating new job opportunities.
Art must be the emotional matrix of a new “positive” vision, stimulating ethical reflections, and experimenting with new behaviours and new job opportunities.
For the Biella area, the idea is that of a new “Mountain Pact” between agricultural producers, breeders, industrialists and consumers (end users) for the economic enhancement of all initiatives consistent with a lower consumption of water through a label that tells of this adventure.

Premise 3
Water
Climate change will affect the quantity and quality of water and its danger to the human species and to fauna and flora.
Objectives:
1) to secure the hydrogeological structure
2) to cleanse the polluting sites
3) to guarantee the minimum vital outflow
4) to secure and reduce the loss of water for drinking and sanitary use
5) to reduce its consumption for livestock and industry
6) to reduce pressure and anthropogenic impacts
7) to use artificial intelligence under the supervision of independent organisations (involving all the stakeholders) and the coordination of ARPA and the Prevention Department, for a management consistent with the principles of an ethics of responsibility
8) to create a digital label that tells about the start of a new history of Biellese products in relation to the use of water.